Important Information About univ of tn medical center

21 min read 20-09-2024
Important Information About univ of tn medical center

Discovering the University of Tennessee Medical Center 🏥

Welcome to a world of medical excellence! The University of Tennessee Medical Center is a beacon of hope and healing in Tennessee, renowned for its commitment to providing cutting-edge healthcare services and outstanding patient care. As a key teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, it offers a vast range of specialized services and innovative treatments that cater to the diverse needs of its patients. Here, we will explore important information about this esteemed institution and its remarkable contributions to the field of medicine.

The University of Tennessee Medical Center is located in Knoxville and serves as the primary academic medical center for the region. It plays a crucial role in training the next generation of healthcare professionals, with a particular emphasis on clinical education and research. The blend of advanced technology, expert faculty, and compassionate care sets a strong foundation for an exceptional patient experience.

One significant aspect of the University of Tennessee Medical Center is its commitment to research and innovation. The institution is involved in numerous clinical trials and studies that contribute to medical knowledge and improve treatment options. As a result, patients benefit from the latest advancements in healthcare, providing them with the best possible care tailored to their individual needs.

In addition to its focus on advanced medical practices, the University of Tennessee Medical Center places immense importance on community health. The hospital actively engages in outreach programs aimed at promoting wellness and preventing diseases within the local community. These initiatives ensure that they not only treat illness but also encourage healthier lifestyles among residents.

Patient-centered care is at the heart of the University of Tennessee Medical Center's philosophy. This approach emphasizes the importance of listening to patients' concerns, involving them in their own care plans, and offering support throughout their treatment journeys. This compassionate environment fosters trust and comfort, allowing patients to feel valued and heard during their healthcare experience.

Additionally, the medical center is recognized for its specialized services, including cardiology, oncology, and neurology, among many others. Each department is equipped with specialized staff and resources, ensuring that patients receive comprehensive care tailored to their unique conditions. With a focus on multidisciplinary collaboration, healthcare teams work together to provide holistic treatment options that benefit the patient as a whole.

The University of Tennessee Medical Center is also committed to ensuring accessibility for all patients. Their facilities are designed to accommodate individuals with disabilities, and they offer a variety of financial assistance programs to help ease the burden of medical costs. This commitment to accessibility reflects their dedication to serving every member of the community, regardless of their circumstances.

Moreover, the medical center’s strategic partnerships with other healthcare organizations and academic institutions enhance its ability to offer comprehensive services. These collaborations facilitate knowledge exchange, promote innovation, and allow for a greater breadth of services available to patients in the region.

Overall, the University of Tennessee Medical Center stands out as a leader in healthcare innovation, research, and compassionate patient care. Through their comprehensive services, dedication to community health, and commitment to ongoing education, they continue to positively impact the lives of countless individuals and families throughout Tennessee and beyond.

Specialized Services Offered at the University of Tennessee Medical Center

Cardiology Department 🫀

The cardiology department at the University of Tennessee Medical Center provides comprehensive care for patients with cardiovascular diseases. With a focus on early detection and intervention, cardiologists employ advanced diagnostic tools such as echocardiograms and stress tests to assess heart health. Patients receive individualized treatment plans, including lifestyle modifications, medication management, and when necessary, surgical options.

Moreover, the department prides itself on offering innovative treatment options, including minimally invasive surgeries and cutting-edge procedures such as cardiac catheterization. The skilled cardiology team collaborates closely with other specialists to ensure a multidisciplinary approach to heart health, addressing all aspects of the patient's well-being.

Education is also key in the cardiology department, where patients and families are provided with valuable information on managing heart health, understanding risk factors, and adopting healthier lifestyles. This emphasis on patient education empowers individuals to take charge of their cardiovascular health.

In addition, the cardiology department actively participates in clinical research aimed at improving treatment options and outcomes for heart patients. By staying abreast of the latest advancements, the team ensures that patients benefit from cutting-edge care.

With a robust focus on preventative measures, the cardiology department at the University of Tennessee Medical Center exemplifies its dedication to promoting heart health within the community. Regular screenings, public awareness campaigns, and lifestyle workshops play a crucial role in educating the community about the importance of heart health and risk factor management.

The cardiology department’s advanced technology and compassionate care make it a leading provider of cardiovascular services in the region, ensuring that patients receive comprehensive care tailored to their specific needs.

Oncology Services 🌟

Oncology services at the University of Tennessee Medical Center are designed to provide comprehensive cancer care through a multidisciplinary approach. The oncology team includes experts from various fields, such as surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology, ensuring that patients receive well-rounded treatment plans tailored to their individual cancer types and stages.

Patients have access to the latest advances in cancer treatment, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies that enhance the body's ability to fight cancer. The medical center's participation in clinical trials gives patients the opportunity to receive cutting-edge treatments that may not be available elsewhere.

The emphasis on supportive care is also a hallmark of the oncology services offered at the University of Tennessee Medical Center. Comprehensive support services, including counseling, nutritional guidance, and pain management, are integrated into the care plan to address the physical, emotional, and psychological needs of patients and their families.

Patient education plays a pivotal role in the oncology department, where healthcare professionals provide vital information about the disease, treatment options, and coping strategies. This empowers patients to make informed decisions about their care and supports them in navigating their treatment journey.

Community outreach initiatives and prevention programs are also part of the oncology services at the medical center. By promoting early detection and awareness of cancer risks, the hospital actively works to decrease cancer rates in the community through education and screening programs.

The compassionate care and commitment to improving outcomes make the oncology services at the University of Tennessee Medical Center a vital resource for individuals facing cancer diagnosis and treatment.

The Importance of Research at the University of Tennessee Medical Center

Advancements in Medical Research 🔬

The University of Tennessee Medical Center is at the forefront of medical research, driving advancements that have a direct impact on patient care. Research plays a critical role in discovering new treatments, improving existing therapies, and understanding complex medical conditions.

Through partnerships with academic institutions, government agencies, and private organizations, the medical center engages in a wide array of research initiatives that encompass various fields, including cardiology, oncology, neurology, and more. This collaborative environment promotes the sharing of knowledge and fosters innovation in medical practices.

Clinical trials are a significant aspect of the research conducted at the University of Tennessee Medical Center. These trials allow patients to access cutting-edge treatments before they are widely available, offering hope to those with complex health issues. By participating in clinical trials, patients contribute to the advancement of medical science and can potentially benefit from groundbreaking therapies.

The institution also prioritizes translational research, which focuses on translating scientific discoveries into practical applications that can improve patient outcomes. This type of research bridges the gap between laboratory findings and clinical practice, ensuring that new knowledge is quickly integrated into patient care.

Moreover, the medical center emphasizes the importance of involving patients in the research process. By educating patients about ongoing studies and their potential impact on future treatments, the institution fosters a culture of collaboration between researchers and patients, enhancing the quality and relevance of research efforts.

Ethical considerations are paramount in the research conducted at the University of Tennessee Medical Center. The institution adheres to strict ethical guidelines to ensure that the rights and well-being of participants are prioritized throughout the research process. This commitment to ethical research practices reinforces the integrity of the institution and strengthens public trust.

The ongoing research efforts at the University of Tennessee Medical Center significantly contribute to the overall advancement of healthcare and positively impact the lives of patients across the community and beyond. With a commitment to discovery and innovation, the institution remains dedicated to pushing the boundaries of medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes.

Community Outreach and Health Programs

Promoting Health and Wellness in the Community ❤️

The University of Tennessee Medical Center recognizes its responsibility to promote health and wellness in the community it serves. Through various outreach programs and health initiatives, the medical center actively engages with local residents to encourage healthier lifestyles and provide essential health resources.

One significant program is the community health fair, where residents can access free health screenings, educational workshops, and resources on disease prevention. These events aim to raise awareness about common health concerns and encourage individuals to take proactive steps toward maintaining their health.

Additionally, the medical center conducts educational workshops in schools and community centers to discuss topics such as nutrition, physical fitness, and chronic disease management. By empowering individuals with knowledge and skills, the medical center aims to foster a culture of health and well-being within the community.

Access to healthcare services is also a priority for the University of Tennessee Medical Center. They offer financial assistance programs, sliding-scale payment options, and transportation services to ensure that everyone can receive the medical care they need. This commitment to accessibility reflects the institution's dedication to serving all individuals, regardless of their financial situation.

Furthermore, the medical center partners with local organizations to address specific health disparities in the community. By collaborating with various stakeholders, the institution works to create targeted health initiatives that address the unique needs of different populations, ensuring that no one is left behind.

Health education programs focused on preventive care and chronic disease management equip community members with the knowledge needed to manage their health conditions effectively. Through these initiatives, the medical center promotes a proactive approach to healthcare that emphasizes prevention and early intervention.

The University of Tennessee Medical Center's ongoing commitment to community outreach and health programs underscores its dedication to improving the overall health of the community it serves. By investing in preventive care and education, the medical center seeks to foster a healthier future for all.

Accessibility and Patient Services

Ensuring Care for Everyone 🏷️

Accessibility to healthcare is a key focus for the University of Tennessee Medical Center. They strive to create an inclusive environment where individuals from all backgrounds can receive the medical care they need, regardless of financial constraints or physical limitations.

The medical center has implemented several initiatives to ensure that its facilities are accessible to individuals with disabilities. This includes wheelchair ramps, designated parking spaces, and accessible examination rooms, ensuring that all patients can navigate the facility comfortably and safely.

Financial assistance programs are another critical component of the medical center's commitment to accessibility. They offer various options for patients who may struggle to afford medical care, including sliding-scale fees based on income and assistance with applying for government programs. These options help to alleviate the financial burden of healthcare costs, allowing individuals to seek necessary medical attention without fear of prohibitive expenses.

In addition, the medical center provides transportation services for patients who may have difficulty getting to appointments. By offering rides to and from the facility, the institution removes barriers to accessing essential care, ensuring that all patients have the opportunity to attend their appointments and receive timely treatment.

Patient navigators play a vital role in assisting individuals as they navigate the healthcare system. These trained professionals guide patients through scheduling appointments, understanding their treatment options, and connecting them with community resources. This support enhances the overall patient experience and ensures that individuals receive the necessary care tailored to their needs.

Moreover, the medical center prioritizes cultural competence in its services, recognizing that diverse populations may have unique healthcare needs and preferences. Staff training on cultural sensitivity fosters an inclusive environment where all patients feel respected and understood.

The University of Tennessee Medical Center's emphasis on accessibility and patient services reflects its commitment to ensuring that all individuals receive the highest quality of care in a welcoming and supportive environment.

Technology and Innovation in Healthcare

Embracing the Future of Medicine 🚀

The University of Tennessee Medical Center is dedicated to integrating technology and innovation into its healthcare practices. By adopting advanced medical technologies, the institution enhances patient care and streamlines healthcare processes, improving outcomes and experiences for both patients and providers.

Telehealth services are a prime example of the medical center's commitment to leveraging technology. Through virtual visits, patients can connect with healthcare professionals from the comfort of their homes, increasing accessibility and convenience. This option is particularly beneficial for those with mobility challenges or living in remote areas, ensuring that quality care is within reach.

Furthermore, the medical center utilizes electronic health records (EHR) to enhance patient safety and coordination of care. EHR systems enable healthcare providers to access patient information quickly and securely, reducing the risk of errors and improving communication among the care team.

In addition to enhancing communication, advanced technologies such as robotics and minimally invasive surgical techniques are employed in various specialties. These innovations lead to shorter recovery times, reduced complications, and improved surgical outcomes for patients.

Moreover, the medical center actively invests in research and development to explore the potential of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare. By leveraging data analytics, the institution aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and develop personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patients.

Patient engagement is another key focus of the University of Tennessee Medical Center's technological initiatives. Through patient portals and mobile applications, individuals can access their health information, schedule appointments, and communicate with their healthcare providers, empowering them to take an active role in their care.

As the medical landscape continues to evolve, the University of Tennessee Medical Center remains committed to staying at the forefront of technology and innovation. By embracing new advancements, the institution enhances the quality and efficiency of care delivered to patients while ultimately striving for better health outcomes.

The Role of Education and Training

Preparing Future Healthcare Professionals 🎓

The University of Tennessee Medical Center serves as a pivotal training ground for future healthcare professionals. As a teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, it provides medical students, residents, and fellows with hands-on clinical experience, ensuring they receive comprehensive education in a real-world environment.

Students are exposed to a diverse range of clinical cases, allowing them to develop their skills and knowledge in various specialties. This immersive experience not only fosters their clinical acumen but also promotes critical thinking, compassion, and empathy in patient interactions.

In addition to training future physicians, the medical center offers a variety of residency programs across multiple disciplines, providing advanced training for medical graduates. This rigorous training prepares residents to become proficient in their chosen fields and equips them with the tools necessary to provide exceptional care upon completion of their programs.

Interprofessional education is emphasized at the University of Tennessee Medical Center, encouraging collaboration among different healthcare disciplines. Students from nursing, pharmacy, social work, and other fields learn to work together, fostering teamwork and communication essential for delivering high-quality patient care.

The institution's commitment to ongoing education extends to current healthcare professionals as well. Regular workshops, seminars, and continuing education opportunities are offered to staff, ensuring that they stay informed about the latest advancements in medicine and best practices.

Research opportunities for students and residents are also a hallmark of the medical center's educational mission. By engaging in research initiatives, future healthcare professionals gain valuable experience in evidence-based practices and contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.

Moreover, mentorship programs provide guidance and support to students and residents, allowing them to learn from experienced faculty members. This personal connection enhances their educational journey, as they receive insights and encouragement from those who have walked similar paths.

By prioritizing education and training, the University of Tennessee Medical Center plays a crucial role in shaping the future of healthcare and ensuring that the next generation of healthcare professionals is well-prepared to meet the challenges of the evolving medical landscape.

Understanding Patient Rights and Advocacy

Empowering Patients to Speak Up 📢

At the University of Tennessee Medical Center, patient rights and advocacy are prioritized to ensure that individuals feel empowered and respected throughout their healthcare journey. Understanding patient rights is fundamental to providing quality care and fostering a supportive environment.

Patients have the right to receive clear and comprehensive information about their diagnosis, treatment options, and potential risks. This transparency empowers individuals to make informed decisions regarding their care and encourages open communication between patients and healthcare providers.

In addition to informed consent, patients also have the right to privacy and confidentiality regarding their health information. The medical center adheres to strict policies that protect patient data and maintain the highest standards of confidentiality, ensuring individuals feel safe sharing personal information with their healthcare team.

Furthermore, patients have the right to receive respectful and non-discriminatory care regardless of their background, beliefs, or identity. The University of Tennessee Medical Center is committed to fostering an inclusive environment that honors diversity and promotes equity in healthcare.

Patient advocacy is an integral aspect of the care model at the medical center. Patient advocates are available to assist individuals in navigating their healthcare journey, addressing concerns, and facilitating communication with healthcare providers. This support ensures that patients' voices are heard and that their preferences are respected throughout their care.

Additionally, the medical center encourages patients to actively participate in their care by asking questions, expressing concerns, and providing feedback. This collaborative approach enhances the patient-provider relationship and fosters a culture of shared decision-making.

Educational resources regarding patient rights and advocacy are readily available to empower individuals with knowledge about their rights and responsibilities. Workshops and informational sessions promote understanding of these essential concepts, ensuring that patients are well-informed and equipped to advocate for their health.

Ultimately, by prioritizing patient rights and advocacy, the University of Tennessee Medical Center fosters an environment of trust, transparency, and respect, empowering individuals to take an active role in their healthcare journey.

The Future of Healthcare at the University of Tennessee Medical Center

Innovating for a Healthier Tomorrow 🌍

As the University of Tennessee Medical Center looks towards the future, its commitment to innovation and excellence remains unwavering. The institution recognizes that the healthcare landscape is constantly evolving, and it strives to remain at the forefront of advancements that improve patient care and health outcomes.

Continued investment in research and technology is essential to driving progress within the medical center. By exploring new treatment modalities, incorporating cutting-edge technology, and enhancing research capabilities, the institution aims to elevate the standard of care provided to patients.

The medical center also seeks to expand its community outreach initiatives, further engaging with local residents to promote health and wellness. By fostering partnerships with schools, organizations, and healthcare providers, the institution can create a more extensive network of support for individuals seeking healthier lifestyles.

Patient-centered care will remain a core focus as the institution continues to enhance the overall patient experience. By prioritizing communication, compassion, and collaboration, the medical center aims to create a healthcare environment where individuals feel valued, heard, and supported.

Furthermore, the University of Tennessee Medical Center recognizes the importance of addressing health disparities and promoting equity in healthcare. By advocating for vulnerable populations and creating targeted health initiatives, the institution strives to reduce barriers to care and ensure that everyone has access to quality healthcare services.

Education and training will also play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the medical center. By preparing the next generation of healthcare professionals and emphasizing interprofessional collaboration, the institution seeks to foster a culture of innovation, compassion, and excellence within the healthcare workforce.

Ultimately, the University of Tennessee Medical Center is dedicated to creating a healthier tomorrow for the community it serves. Through ongoing commitment to research, education, accessibility, and patient advocacy, the institution aims to continue its legacy of excellence in healthcare delivery.

Important Information for Seniors about University of Tennessee Medical Center

Information Details
Location Knoxville, Tennessee
Type of Facility Academic Medical Center and Teaching Hospital
Special Services Cardiology, Oncology, Neurology, Rehabilitation
Accessibility Options Wheelchair ramps, transportation services, financial assistance
Patient Rights Informed consent, privacy, respectful care
Community Outreach Health fairs, educational workshops, preventive care initiatives
Technology Utilization Telehealth, electronic health records, minimally invasive surgeries
Research Focus Clinical trials, translational research, innovation
Patient Advocacy Patient navigators, educational resources, open communication

Advantages and Disadvantages of the University of Tennessee Medical Center

Exploring the Benefits 🎉

One of the primary advantages of the University of Tennessee Medical Center is its status as an academic medical center. This affiliation provides patients access to specialized care and treatment options that may not be available in other facilities. Patients can benefit from the latest advancements in medicine, enhancing their treatment options and outcomes.

Another advantage is the institution's focus on research and clinical trials. Patients have the opportunity to participate in groundbreaking studies that can lead to innovative therapies and improved health outcomes. This connection to cutting-edge research can be a significant advantage for individuals with complex health conditions.

The medical center's commitment to patient-centered care is also a noteworthy advantage. By prioritizing patient preferences, values, and needs, the institution ensures that individuals receive personalized treatment tailored to their unique situations. This approach fosters trust and collaboration between patients and healthcare providers, ultimately leading to more effective care.

Additionally, the University of Tennessee Medical Center's community outreach initiatives play a critical role in promoting health and wellness within the community. By providing educational resources and preventive care programs, the institution actively engages residents in their health journeys, fostering healthier lifestyles.

The facility's emphasis on accessibility ensures that individuals from various backgrounds can receive care. With financial assistance programs, transportation options, and ADA-compliant facilities, the institution is dedicated to removing barriers to healthcare access.

Moreover, the interdisciplinary approach to healthcare at the University of Tennessee Medical Center enhances collaboration among providers. Multidisciplinary teams work together to develop comprehensive treatment plans, ensuring that patients receive well-rounded care.

The availability of advanced technology and innovative treatment options contributes to improved patient outcomes. As the medical center continues to incorporate emerging technologies, it enhances the quality and efficiency of care provided to patients.

Furthermore, the educational opportunities offered to future healthcare professionals contribute to the overall advancement of healthcare. By training the next generation of providers, the institution ensures that a skilled workforce is prepared to meet future healthcare challenges.

Overall, the advantages of the University of Tennessee Medical Center reflect its commitment to excellence in patient care, research, education, and community health.

Potential Drawbacks ⚠️

Despite its many advantages, there may be some potential drawbacks associated with the University of Tennessee Medical Center. One concern could be the potential for longer wait times for appointments or procedures due to its status as a teaching hospital. Students and residents are involved in patient care, which may extend appointment durations, particularly during busy periods.

Additionally, patients may experience a higher volume of healthcare professionals involved in their care, leading to variations in communication styles and treatment approaches. While this interdisciplinary approach has its benefits, it may lead to inconsistencies in the patient experience.

Another drawback is that patients may find it challenging to navigate the complexities of a large academic medical center. With various departments and specialties, individuals may require additional support to coordinate their care effectively. Patient navigators are available, but some individuals may still experience confusion regarding appointments and referrals.

Some patients may also perceive the environment of a teaching hospital as less personal due to the presence of students and residents. While the aim is to foster learning, some individuals may prefer the more intimate setting of a smaller healthcare facility.

Moreover, access to cutting-edge treatments and clinical trials may not be available to all patients, as participation often requires specific eligibility criteria. This limitation may frustrate individuals seeking alternative options for their care.

Financial concerns may also arise for some patients, particularly if they do not qualify for assistance programs. While the medical center offers various support options, the complexity of healthcare costs can be overwhelming for individuals navigating insurance or financial aid processes.

Additionally, community outreach programs may not always reach every demographic effectively. Certain populations may remain unaware of available resources, highlighting the need for continued efforts to expand outreach initiatives.

Despite these potential drawbacks, the University of Tennessee Medical Center remains dedicated to enhancing the patient experience and addressing challenges through ongoing improvements and community engagement.

Common Questions About the University of Tennessee Medical Center

  • What services does the University of Tennessee Medical Center provide? The medical center offers a wide range of services, including cardiology, oncology, neurology, rehabilitation, and more.
  • Are there programs for seniors? Yes, the University of Tennessee Medical Center provides specialized programs and services tailored to meet the needs of senior patients.
  • How can I access financial assistance? Financial assistance options are available through the medical center’s financial services department. Patients can inquire about eligibility and application processes.
  • Is telehealth available at the medical center? Yes, the University of Tennessee Medical Center offers telehealth services, allowing patients to connect with healthcare professionals virtually.
  • What community outreach programs does the medical center have? The medical center conducts health fairs, educational workshops, and disease prevention initiatives to promote wellness in the community.
  • How does the medical center prioritize patient rights? Patient rights are emphasized through clear communication, informed consent, privacy policies, and advocacy services.
  • Are there opportunities for patients to participate in research? Yes, patients can participate in clinical trials and research initiatives aimed at advancing medical knowledge and treatment options.
  • How does the medical center address accessibility? The medical center ensures accessibility through ADA-compliant facilities, transportation services, and financial assistance programs.
  • What is the focus of the medical center’s educational programs? The educational programs focus on training future healthcare professionals through hands-on clinical experiences and interprofessional collaboration.
  • How can I get in touch with a patient advocate? Patients can contact the medical center's patient advocacy office for assistance in navigating their healthcare journey.
  • Are there nutritional services available for patients? Yes, the medical center provides nutritional counseling and resources for patients to support their dietary needs during treatment.
  • What kind of technology is used in patient care? The medical center utilizes advanced technology, including electronic health records, telehealth, and robotics in surgical procedures.
  • How does the medical center ensure quality care? The medical center adheres to rigorous standards of care, conducts regular evaluations, and actively engages in research to improve practices and outcomes.

As you navigate your healthcare journey at the University of Tennessee Medical Center, remember that the institution is dedicated to providing the highest quality care possible. With its commitment to excellence, research, and community engagement, you can feel confident in the care you receive. Should you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out to the medical center's staff, who are there to support you every step of the way.

It's essential to keep in mind that while the University of Tennessee Medical Center has much to offer, your individual experience may vary based on your specific healthcare needs. Take the time to explore the resources available and stay informed about your rights as a patient. Empower yourself to be an active participant in your care, ask questions, and make decisions that are right for you.

In the realm of healthcare, knowledge is power. The more you understand about the services available, the institution's focus on research, and your rights as a patient, the better equipped you will be to navigate the complexities of the medical world. With a proactive mindset, you can make the most of your healthcare experience and achieve the best possible outcomes.

The future of healthcare at the University of Tennessee Medical Center looks promising. With ongoing dedication to innovation, education, and patient advocacy, the institution is committed to advancing the field of medicine and improving the lives of individuals in the community. Embrace this journey with a spirit of inquiry and openness, and remember that you're not alone. The medical center staff is here to support you, ensuring you have access to the best care and resources available.

As you consider your healthcare options, remember the strengths of the University of Tennessee Medical Center and the opportunities it provides. Your health and well-being are of utmost importance, and this institution is devoted to offering you the comprehensive care you deserve. Stay engaged, informed, and proactive, and together we can work toward a healthier, brighter future.

Note: Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for personalized medical advice and care tailored to your specific needs and circumstances. This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical guidance.