All You Should Know About what are the requirements to qualify for medicaid

19 min read 20-09-2024
All You Should Know About what are the requirements to qualify for medicaid

Understanding Medicaid Qualification Requirements

Welcome! If you're diving into the world of Medicaid and exploring its requirements, you've come to the right place. Medicaid is a vital program that provides health coverage to millions of individuals and families who meet certain criteria. Understanding what it takes to qualify is essential, especially for those seeking financial assistance for medical care. ๐Ÿค

Medicaid isnโ€™t a one-size-fits-all program; the requirements can vary significantly from state to state. In most cases, factors such as income, residency, and family size play crucial roles in determining eligibility. Moreover, Medicaid isn't limited to just low-income individuals; many people who are elderly, disabled, or pregnant may also qualify, even if their income is slightly above the poverty line. ๐Ÿก

One of the most significant aspects to consider is the income threshold. Each state sets its own income limits based on the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). To illustrate, some states may allow individuals earning up to 138% of the FPL to qualify. Hence, itโ€™s vital to check the specific guidelines for your state to know where you stand. ๐Ÿ“ˆ

Besides income, assets are equally important when determining eligibility. Some states have strict asset limits, meaning individuals and families must have minimal savings or property. This part of the requirement can be confusing, as different types of assets may be counted or exempt. It's crucial to understand what counts against you. ๐Ÿฆ

Another common requirement is citizenship or immigration status. Generally, U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents qualify for Medicaid, but there are specific provisions for certain other groups as well. Understanding these rules can be pivotal, especially for immigrants seeking healthcare coverage. ๐ŸŒ

Furthermore, age can impact your eligibility. For instance, children may qualify for Medicaid through the Childrenโ€™s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), while older adults may have unique pathways available under Medicaid. Each age group comes with its own set of criteria that you must explore. ๐Ÿ‘ถ๐Ÿ‘ต

Itโ€™s also essential to consider whether your health conditions can aid your application. Individuals who are disabled may have different pathways to qualify. In some instances, certain conditions are recognized to facilitate enrollment into the program, thus providing timely access to necessary healthcare services. ๐Ÿฅ

Lastly, itโ€™s essential to keep up with changes and updates in Medicaid regulations. Federal and state governments periodically revise eligibility requirements, which may affect current and future applications. Being informed is key to ensuring you or your loved ones receive the care needed. ๐Ÿ”„

Now that we've set the stage, letโ€™s dive deeper into the specific requirements and explore how you can determine if you or someone you know qualifies for Medicaid in more detail. The following sections will break down the key factors that affect Medicaid eligibility, providing you with the knowledge needed to navigate this complex system effectively.

Income Eligibility for Medicaid

Understanding Income Limits

When it comes to qualifying for Medicaid, understanding the income limits is essential. Each state determines its own income thresholds based on the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). For example, many states allow individuals with an income up to 138% of the FPL to qualify for Medicaid, meaning the income cap can change each year as the FPL adjusts. This variability underscores the importance of checking your state's specific guidelines to know where you stand. ๐Ÿ“Š

Moreover, some states expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, leading to a wider pool of individuals who can qualify. To ensure clarity, it's crucial to get the latest income figures relevant to your area. Income is generally calculated by looking at your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI), which includes wages, investments, and other sources. ๐Ÿ“ˆ

In addition to gross income, specific deductions and exclusions can apply, such as certain medical expenses or child care costs. Being aware of these nuances can significantly affect your overall eligibility. You may also want to explore state-specific regulations, as some states may take a more lenient approach toward income assessment. ๐Ÿ“œ

For individuals who are pregnant, itโ€™s noteworthy that some states have separate criteria, allowing higher income eligibility thresholds to accommodate expectant mothers. This approach underscores Medicaidโ€™s role in ensuring maternal and child health. ๐Ÿคฐ

Special rules exist for the elderly and disabled. Often, individuals seeking long-term care benefits may have different income limits than those applying for regular Medicaid coverage. Knowing these distinctions can prevent unnecessary confusion down the line. ๐Ÿง“

It's advisable to keep records of all financial documents up to date, as verification of income may be requested during the application process. Maintaining transparency with your financial situation allows for smoother qualification. ๐Ÿ“‘

Lastly, itโ€™s essential to consider any potential changes in your circumstances that could impact eligibility. For instance, job loss or gain, a new child, or other life changes may shift your standing regarding Medicaid qualifications. Regularly reviewing your eligibility status is a good practice. ๐Ÿ”

In summary, understanding the nuances of income eligibility for Medicaid is a key factor in qualifying for coverage. Accurate and updated financial records can make the application process smoother and less stressful.

Asset Limits for Medicaid Qualification

What Counts as Assets?

When considering qualification for Medicaid, the asset limits are just as crucial as income limits. Most states impose strict criteria on the amount of assets you can own while still being eligible for Medicaid benefits. Therefore, it's essential to understand what constitutes countable assets versus exempt assets. ๐Ÿก

Countable assets may include cash, stocks, bonds, and certain real estate properties. However, each state may categorize assets differently, which is why knowing your specific state guidelines is fundamental. Generally, single individuals may have an asset limit ranging from $2,000 to $15,000, while married couples may have higher thresholds, depending on state regulations. ๐Ÿ“‰

Exempt assets often include your primary residence, personal belongings, and certain retirement accounts. For many individuals, understanding these distinctions is vital, as keeping your house or vehicle doesn't disqualify you from Medicaid. Each state has defined rules around these exemptions, so familiarity with your state's regulations can greatly ease the process. ๐Ÿ 

Furthermore, if you are married, the spousal impoverishment rules may apply, allowing the spouse who remains in the community to retain a portion of the couple's combined assets, ensuring their financial stability while the other spouse receives care. Navigating these rules can be challenging, so consider consulting with a Medicaid planner for clarity. ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€โš•๏ธ

It's crucial to be cautious about asset transfers. States typically impose a look-back periodโ€”often five yearsโ€”where they assess any transfers of assets made for less than fair market value. Transfers made within this window could result in a penalty period during which you won't qualify for Medicaid benefits. Understanding this can prevent future complications. ๐Ÿ”„

Some individuals may consider spending down their assets to qualify, but this requires strategic planning. Itโ€™s important to ensure that expenditures are legitimate and necessary, as the state may scrutinize spending in the context of eligibility requirements. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ

Documentation is key when presenting your financial standing during the Medicaid application process. Having clear and accurate records of your financial assets and expenditures can assist in meeting the requirements without delay. ๐Ÿ“š

In summary, knowing what counts as assets and being aware of the limits can significantly aid in successfully qualifying for Medicaid coverage. Understanding these facets can help you navigate the sometimes complex waters of Medicaid qualification with greater ease.

Citizenship and Immigration Status Requirements

Eligibility Based on Status

Citizenship or legal immigration status plays a crucial role in determining eligibility for Medicaid. Generally, U.S. citizens can easily qualify, but lawful permanent residents and certain other groups may also be eligible. This section delves into the specifics of how immigration status impacts Medicaid qualification. ๐ŸŒ

Most states require applicants to provide proof of citizenship or lawful residency, which typically includes a U.S. birth certificate, passport, or naturalization certificate. Legal residents may need to present their green cards or other immigration documents. Itโ€™s important to have these documents ready during the application process to avoid unnecessary delays. ๐Ÿ“‘

There are also specific provisions for refugees and asylees, who may receive expedited access to Medicaid benefits. Generally, refugees can apply for Medicaid upon their arrival in the U.S. Understanding these paths to coverage is especially important for those in vulnerable situations. ๐Ÿ›ฌ

Undocumented immigrants face stricter limitations regarding Medicaid eligibility. Generally, they cannot access Medicaid services, but certain states have opted to offer emergency medical services. Knowing your rights and available services can provide reassurance for those seeking care regardless of their immigration status. โš ๏ธ

Additionally, those with temporary protected status (TPS) or who fall under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) may also face challenges qualifying for Medicaid. Each state can interpret federal guidelines differently, making it crucial to research local laws. ๐Ÿ“œ

It's essential to note that some states have chosen to expand Medicaid eligibility to include undocumented immigrants in specific circumstances, such as pregnancy or certain medical conditions. Stay informed about your state's policies, as these can evolve over time. ๐Ÿฅ

Language barriers can be an additional hurdle for non-English speakers navigating the Medicaid system. Some resources provide interpretation services, ensuring all applicants can understand and meet the requirements. This factor is crucial for allowing equitable access to healthcare for all individuals, regardless of language proficiency. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

Awareness of any potential changes in immigration policy and its effects on Medicaid access is essential. Immigration laws frequently change, and remaining updated can help individuals ensure they remain eligible for vital services. ๐Ÿ”„

In summary, understanding the implications of citizenship and immigration status is critical for determining Medicaid eligibility. Being well-informed about the requirements can streamline the application process and provide necessary care access for many individuals.

Age Considerations for Medicaid Qualification

Understanding Age-Specific Criteria

Age significantly affects Medicaid eligibility and the pathways individuals may take to qualify. Different criteria exist for children, adults, and seniors, each with unique stipulations that can influence enrollment. Letโ€™s examine the nuances involved in age-related Medicaid qualifications. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐ŸŽ“

For children, many states provide coverage under the Childrenโ€™s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) that works alongside Medicaid. CHIP targets families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but too low to afford private insurance, ensuring children have access to necessary healthcare. This program can often facilitate seamless transitions between Medicaid and CHIP based on income fluctuations. ๐Ÿ‘ถ

Adults aged 19 to 64 generally qualify for Medicaid based on the same income criteria set for all applicants. However, expanding Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act allowed many more adults to access coverage than in previous years. Understanding this expansion is crucial for those who may qualify, especially in states that adopted these changes. ๐Ÿ“ˆ

For seniors aged 65 and older, the qualification criteria may vary. Notably, seniors often face unique health challenges that require comprehensive healthcare services. Programs like the Medicare Savings Program can help seniors cover costs like premiums and deductibles, allowing access to both Medicare and Medicaid benefits. ๐Ÿง“

Furthermore, the criteria surrounding disability often intertwine with age. Individuals over 65 may qualify for benefits based on their health conditions, especially if they have disabilities. Understanding these specific pathways is essential for seniors seeking coverage. ๐Ÿฅ

The intersection of age and asset limits can also come into play. Often, seniors who need long-term care services face stricter asset regulations. Strategic planning can help ensure seniors maintain their financial stability while accessing necessary care. Consulting with an elder law attorney or financial planner can provide valuable insights into this process. ๐Ÿ’ผ

Itโ€™s important to remain aware of eligibility adjustments based on age. Eligibility may change when a person turns 65 or experiences other life transitions. Regularly reviewing eligibility status is critical to ensure continued access to vital healthcare services. ๐Ÿ”„

With the aging population in the U.S., understanding Medicaidโ€™s role in providing comprehensive healthcare for seniors cannot be overstated. Familiarizing oneself with age-related regulations can facilitate smoother navigation through the healthcare system. ๐Ÿฅ

In summary, knowing how age factors into Medicaid qualifications is key to securing healthcare access. By being aware of the various age-specific criteria, individuals can better prepare themselves to navigate the Medicaid application process successfully.

Health Conditions and Disability Eligibility

Medicaidโ€™s Support for Disabilities

When it comes to qualifying for Medicaid, having specific health conditions or disabilities can influence eligibility significantly. This section explores how health status impacts Medicaid access and what pathways exist for those with disabilities. ๐Ÿฉบ

Individuals with disabilities often have separate criteria for Medicaid eligibility, especially through the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Once deemed disabled under SSI regulations, individuals can qualify for Medicaid in their respective states. Understanding this connection is vital for those navigating the system. ๐Ÿšถโ€โ™‚๏ธ

Moreover, many states have expanded Medicaid to cover adults with disabilities and chronic conditions, allowing for greater access to necessary healthcare services. Each state sets its own definitions and eligibility criteria for what constitutes a qualifying disability, which can vary greatly. Familiarizing yourself with these differences can help individuals better navigate the application process. ๐Ÿ“‹

It's worth noting that some conditions automatically qualify an individual for Medicaid, such as end-stage renal disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Having clear documentation from healthcare providers detailing the condition and its impact is essential for establishing eligibility. ๐Ÿฅ

Additionally, children with disabilities may be eligible for Medicaid through unique programs specifically designed for pediatric patients. These initiatives often ensure that children receive necessary early interventions and ongoing care tailored to their needs. ๐Ÿ’•

Another significant aspect is the Medical Assistance for Workers with Disabilities (MAWD) program, which allows individuals with disabilities who are employed to retain Medicaid coverage without being disqualified due to income. Understanding the nuances of MAWD can open doors for those seeking both work opportunities and healthcare access. ๐Ÿ’ผ

As with all Medicaid applications, accuracy in documentation is vital, especially regarding health conditions. The application process often requires detailed information on disabilities, medical history, and current treatments. Having thorough documentation ready can expedite processing and improve the chances of acceptance. ๐Ÿ“‚

Many community organizations can provide resources and assistance for individuals with disabilities seeking Medicaid coverage. They can help individuals understand eligibility and complete applications. Seeking assistance can ease the process, especially for those needing extra support. ๐Ÿ‘

In summary, understanding the connection between health conditions, disabilities, and Medicaid eligibility is crucial. By being well-informed and organized, individuals can navigate the complexities of the Medicaid application process more effectively.

Applying for Medicaid Benefits

Steps to a Successful Application

Now that weโ€™ve explored various aspects of Medicaid qualification, itโ€™s time to discuss how to apply effectively. Successfully navigating the application process is key to receiving necessary health benefits. Here, we will outline the essential steps involved in applying for Medicaid. ๐Ÿ“„

The first step in applying for Medicaid is to gather all required documentation. This typically includes proof of income, assets, citizenship or immigration status, and any relevant medical records. Having organized and complete documents can significantly improve the chances of a smooth application process. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ

Next, individuals must determine the appropriate application method. Medicaid applications can often be submitted online, in person at local social services offices, or through mail. Understanding the various options available can help you choose the most convenient and efficient method. ๐Ÿ’ป

After submitting the application, itโ€™s crucial to monitor its status. Some states provide online portals where applicants can track progress, while others may require follow-ups via phone or in-person visits. Staying proactive in this phase can help address any potential issues that arise during processing. ๐Ÿ“ž

In some instances, an interview may be required as part of the application process. During this interview, applicants may need to clarify any details regarding their financial situation or health condition. Being prepared to answer questions candidly can foster a more favorable outcome. ๐ŸŽค

Itโ€™s also essential to be aware of deadlines and renewal periods. Medicaid coverage is not indefinite, and renewals are required periodically. Keeping track of renewal dates and required documentation can help prevent any interruptions in coverage. โฐ

For those who may encounter difficulties during the application process, various advocacy organizations can provide guidance and support. These organizations often specialize in Medicaid applications and can offer valuable insights and assistance throughout the process. ๐Ÿ™Œ

After the application is submitted, it is important to remain patient. Processing times may vary based on demand and complexity, but generally, applicants should expect to receive a decision within a few weeks. While waiting, keep any necessary medical appointments or care lined up, as coverage can often begin retroactively. ๐Ÿ“…

In summary, successfully applying for Medicaid requires thorough preparation, organization, and a proactive approach. Understanding each step of the process can help ensure that individuals access the healthcare benefits they need without unnecessary hurdles. ๐Ÿฅ

Common Medicaid Myths and Misconceptions

Separating Fact from Fiction

Misunderstandings about Medicaid can often deter individuals from applying for essential health coverage. This section aims to address common myths and misconceptions surrounding Medicaid qualifications and benefits. ๐Ÿšซ

One prevalent myth is that only low-income individuals can qualify for Medicaid. While itโ€™s true that income is a significant factor, many states allow people with higher incomes to qualify, particularly through expanded Medicaid programs. Understanding the full scope of eligibility can encourage those who might otherwise overlook their options. ๐Ÿ“ˆ

Another misconception is that Medicaid benefits are inadequate or limited. In reality, Medicaid provides comprehensive coverage that includes hospital stays, physician visits, preventive care, and even long-term care options. Knowing the breadth of services available can help individuals make informed decisions about their healthcare needs. ๐Ÿฅ

Some believe that applying for Medicaid will result in being denied coverage if they have any assets. While itโ€™s true that there are asset limits, many assets, such as your home or necessary personal belongings, are exempt. Understanding these exemptions can ease fears about application repercussions. ๐Ÿก

Many people also think that Medicaid is only for children or the elderly. In truth, the program serves a broad spectrum of individuals, including working-age adults and those with disabilities. Highlighting the inclusivity of Medicaid can encourage more individuals to explore their eligibility. ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐ŸŽ“

There is often a belief that the application process is overly complicated or burdensome. While it can be detailed, knowing what to expect and being organized can simplify the experience. Many community organizations can also help navigate the process effectively. ๐Ÿค

Additionally, some mistakenly think that receiving Medicaid benefits means sacrificing their privacy. Medicaid applications are treated confidentially, and personal information is protected under healthcare privacy laws. Understanding your rights regarding privacy can alleviate concerns. ๐Ÿ”’

Another myth is that once you qualify for Medicaid, you cannot reapply. Medicaid is an ongoing program, and individuals can apply at any time, particularly if their circumstances change. This flexibility allows continued access to healthcare based on evolving life situations. ๐Ÿ”„

In summary, debunking common Medicaid myths is crucial in ensuring eligible individuals access the coverage they need. Recognizing the realities of Medicaid can empower individuals to seek assistance confidently. ๐Ÿ’ช

Advantages and Disadvantages of Medicaid

Assessing the Pros and Cons

As with any healthcare program, Medicaid comes with its advantages and disadvantages. Understanding these factors can help potential applicants make informed decisions regarding their healthcare coverage options. Letโ€™s explore the pros and cons of Medicaid. โš–๏ธ

One of the most significant advantages of Medicaid is that it provides comprehensive healthcare coverage to millions of individuals, including low-income families, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Accessing necessary medical services is crucial for maintaining health and well-being. This coverage can also be life-saving for those with severe health conditions. ๐Ÿ’–

Another major advantage is the affordability of Medicaid services. Medicaid typically covers a range of services without imposing high out-of-pocket costs. This financial relief can be critical for low-income families struggling to manage healthcare expenses. Understanding these savings can encourage individuals to apply. ๐Ÿ’ฐ

Additionally, Medicaid often provides essential preventive care services, promoting healthier lifestyles and reducing long-term healthcare costs. Access to routine check-ups and screenings allows individuals to address potential health issues before they escalate. ๐Ÿš‘

Moreover, Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act has increased coverage opportunities for many adults who previously fell through the cracks of the healthcare system. This expansion has made healthcare more accessible to a broader range of the population. ๐ŸŒ

On the other hand, some disadvantages exist within the Medicaid system. Long wait times for appointments may be a drawback, particularly in states with a higher demand for services. Individuals may find it challenging to access timely healthcare services due to availability issues. โณ

Another potential disadvantage is the varying quality of care among Medicaid providers. Some individuals may encounter challenges finding providers who accept Medicaid, leading to limited choices regarding their healthcare. This reality underscores the importance of conducting thorough research when selecting healthcare professionals. ๐Ÿ“‰

Additionally, while Medicaid covers a broad range of services, it may not include all types of specialized care. For individuals requiring certain treatments or therapies, itโ€™s essential to confirm what services are covered before proceeding. ๐Ÿ“‹

Another concern is the administrative complexities often associated with Medicaid enrollment and renewals. Navigating the paperwork and meeting deadlines can be daunting for some, potentially leading to lapses in coverage. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ

Lastly, Medicaid funding can be subject to political fluctuations, which may lead to changes in eligibility criteria or service availability. Staying informed about these potential changes is crucial for individuals relying on Medicaid for their healthcare. ๐Ÿ“œ

In summary, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of Medicaid is essential for potential applicants. While Medicaid provides vital services to millions, awareness of its limitations can empower individuals to explore alternative options for their healthcare needs. โš–๏ธ

Key Requirement Description
Income Limits Varies by state; often based on Federal Poverty Level, typically allowing up to 138% in many states.
Asset Limits Countable assets vary by state; generally, individuals may need to limit savings and properties.
Citizenship U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents generally qualify; immigrants may face restrictions.
Age Different criteria exist for children, adults, and seniors, impacting eligibility.
Disability Status Individuals with disabilities may qualify under specific criteria; some conditions have expedited access.
Application Process Requires documentation of income, assets, citizenship, and medical conditions; options for online or in-person submission.
Renewals Coverage isn't indefinite; periodic renewals are necessary to maintain benefits.
Eligibility Changes Applicants can reapply if circumstances change, enabling continuous healthcare access.
  • What is Medicaid?

    Medicaid is a state and federally funded program that provides health coverage for eligible individuals and families.

  • How do I apply for Medicaid?

    You can apply for Medicaid online, in-person at local social services offices, or through the mail.

  • Is there an asset test for Medicaid?

    Yes, most states impose asset limits that individuals must meet to qualify for Medicaid benefits.

  • Can children qualify for Medicaid?

    Yes, children often qualify through Medicaid or CHIP, which targets those from low to moderate-income families.

  • What happens if I donโ€™t qualify for Medicaid?

    You may explore other health insurance options such as subsidized plans through the Health Insurance Marketplace.

  • Is Medicaid available to undocumented immigrants?

    Generally, undocumented immigrants are not eligible for Medicaid, but some states offer emergency services.

  • What services does Medicaid cover?

    Medicaid typically covers hospital stays, doctor visits, preventive care, and some long-term care services.

  • How does Medicaid handle mental health services?

    Medicaid covers various mental health services, including therapy, counseling, and medications.

  • Can I keep my doctor if I qualify for Medicaid?

    That depends on whether your doctor accepts Medicaid. Itโ€™s essential to verify beforehand.

  • Is there a waiting period for Medicaid coverage?

    No waiting period generally exists; however, certain states may have unique conditions that apply.

  • Can I receive retroactive Medicaid benefits?

    Yes, Medicaid coverage can begin retroactively, usually for three months prior to application approval.

  • What is the look-back period for asset transfers?

    The look-back period is typically five years, during which the state reviews asset transfers for disqualification risks.

  • Can I apply for Medicaid if Iโ€™m already on Medicare?

    Yes, individuals can qualify for both Medicaid and Medicare, known as dual eligibility.

Itโ€™s essential to take charge of your health and financial well-being. If you believe you or a loved one may qualify for Medicaid, now is the perfect time to explore your options. Start gathering necessary documentation and familiarize yourself with the eligibility requirements. By proactively navigating this process, you can ensure access to vital healthcare services when needed. ๐Ÿฅ

Donโ€™t hesitate to reach out to local organizations or state Medicaid agencies for assistance. They can provide tailored advice based on your unique situation and help you complete your application efficiently. Remember, knowledge is power, and being informed is the first step in securing the healthcare coverage you deserve. ๐Ÿค—

The journey through Medicaid eligibility can feel overwhelming, but remember that you are not alone. Many resources are available to help guide you through this process, whether itโ€™s community organizations, healthcare providers, or social service agencies. Reach out for support and take the first step toward better health today. ๐Ÿ“ž

As you take action, consider sharing your knowledge with friends and family who may also benefit from understanding Medicaid qualifications. Together, you can help each other navigate the complexities of healthcare coverage and ensure that everyone has access to the services they need. ๐Ÿ’ช

Finally, always stay updated on potential changes to Medicaid regulations in your state. New policies may arise, and itโ€™s vital to remain informed about any impacts on your eligibility or benefits. Continuous learning is key to ensuring your access to healthcare remains uninterrupted. ๐Ÿ”„

In summary, taking the necessary steps to explore Medicaid eligibility and applying for benefits can open the door to essential healthcare services. Arm yourself with knowledge, gather your documents, and donโ€™t hesitate to seek assistance when needed. You have the power to secure the care you need! ๐Ÿฉบ

Always remember, maintaining your health is not just about accessing services but also about understanding your rights and options. By staying informed and proactive, you can navigate the complexities of Medicaid and achieve better health outcomes. Your journey to wellness starts now! โœจ

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. Always consult with a qualified professional when making decisions regarding healthcare coverage and eligibility. Health policies may vary by state, and staying informed is crucial for maintaining your access to essential services. ๐Ÿ’ผ